Concrete foundations are one of the most important elements in any structure – it provide stability andstrength, support heavy industrial equipment and structures, prevent slipping etc.We can perform various qualitative test to check the quality of concrete for e.g. the compressive strength and otherproperties of concrete from the existing structures. These test provides immediate graphical…
In recent years disasters caused by landslides and floods have become a regular news in India. The speed of these landslides have increased significantly in last 2 decades. The heavy rains in hilly areas are causing a lots of damage to human lives and livestock in addition to the adverse effect on the natural habitats…
Anchored Retaining Wall is a supporting structure composed of reinforced concrete elements and ground anchors ensuring structural stability, load bearing capacity, and safety etc. Anchored walls are up-to-date geotechnical supporting structures enabling road planning and construction in critical geomorphologic conditions and urban settlements. Taking into account their size and cost, anchored walls significantly influence the…
Slope stabilization refers to any implemented technique that aims to stabilize an unstable or inadequately stable slope. The purpose of slope stabilization techniques is to increase the stability of slope to a level that is considered adequate. Stabilization techniques are divided in the following main categories: Removal and protection: Removing the unstable material that usually…
Grouting is a process of ground improvement by injecting the cementing material, chemical to reduce the permeability of ground and increase shear strength. Cement-based grouts, ultrafine and chemical grouts are popular these days. The common type of grouting techniques and their suitability’s: The following chart depicts the suitability of grout according to grain size diameter.…
The flexible rockfall tunnel is constructed at a location where there is the highest probability of falling rock boulders, shooting rock particles near the hillside roadway, and entrance and exit of the hilly tunnels. Sometimes avalanches of rolling rock fragments also hit the mountain road traffic, thereby disrupting the traffic and causing unsafe traffic conditions.…
The sinking issue is common in fragile geological regions, where rainwater infiltration, temperature variation creates freezing and thawing problem. Subsidence, sinking, and uneven settlement, which occur due to these combined effects lead to severe issues. In many situations, it has also been noticed that the boulders, which are embedded and intermixed in loose sand deposits,…
Barriers are provided in order to ensure the protection of people, livestock, structures from unstable rock fragments, debris, snow slide (in case of avalanche) on slope surfaces and areas surrounding them, which are lying in the vicinity of the installed barrier locations; thereby facilitating the smooth functioning of livelihood without any hindrance. Types of Barriers…
Ground anchors/tie-backs are flexible elements used to hold, restrain and support excavation for building and civil engineering structures either temporarily or permanently. Installation method depending upon the existing ground conditions. Ground anchors are used to securing pile walls, sheet piles, mixed-in-Place walls or diaphragm walls, steep slopes, support embankments, and quay walls. Installing ground anchors is…
Soil nailing is the process of installing reinforcement with a designed spacing of steel bars or nails in the existing ground using a top-down construction technique. The soil nail process is proceeded by installing reinforcement (bar/rod) in the drill hole in the ground, followed by grouting throughout the length. This technique is applied for stabilizing…
