Fluid matter to fill the open voids existing in a rock mass is grout. Process of consolidation grouting specially reduces the permeability & deformability by increasing strength against shear forces. In case of high pressure water shafts & tunnels, consolidation grouting minimizes the flow of water outward.
The injection of fluid grouting, usually Portland cement and sand, into a compressible soil mass to displace it and form a structure for support. Consolidation grouting will be based upon geotechnical data, specifications contain pattern on hole layout, technical requirements etc.., for improving the water-tightness of shallow foundation constructed in a narrow area.